@Article{SilvaAYEBABPFWFGKXSSCSFB:2020:EsMuCa,
               author = "Silva, Camila Val{\'e}ria J. and Arag{\~a}o, Luiz Eduardo 
                         Oliveira e Cruz de and Young, Paul J. and Esp{\'{\i}}rito-Santo, 
                         Fernando and Berenguer, Erika and Anderson, Liana O. and Brasil, 
                         Izaias and Pontes-Lopes, Aline and Ferreira, Joice and Withey, 
                         Kieran and Fran{\c{c}}a, Filipe and Gra{\c{c}}a, Paulo M. L. A. 
                         and Kirsten, Leticia and Xaud, Haron and Salimon, Cleber and 
                         Scaranello, Marcos A. and Castro, Bruno and Seixas, Marina and 
                         Farias, Renato and Barlow, Jos",
          affiliation = "{Lancaster University} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Lancaster University} and {University of 
                         Leicester} and {Lancaster University} and {Centro Nacional de 
                         Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais (CEMADEN)} and 
                         {Universidade Estadual do Maranh{\~a}o (UEMA)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Empresa Brasileira de 
                         Pesquisa Agropecu{\'a}ria (EMBRAPA)} and {Lancaster University} 
                         and {Lancaster University} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da 
                         Amazonia (INPA)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia 
                         (INPA)} and {Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu{\'a}ria 
                         (EMBRAPA)} and {Universidade Estadual da Para{\'{\i}}ba (UEPB)} 
                         and {Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu{\'a}ria (EMBRAPA)} 
                         and {Instituto de Manejo e Certifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o Florestal e 
                         Agr{\'{\i}}cola (IMAFLORA)} and {Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa 
                         Agropecu{\'a}ria (EMBRAPA)} and {Instituto Centro de Vida} and 
                         {Lancaster University}",
                title = "Estimating the multi-decadal carbon deficit of burned Amazonian 
                         forests",
              journal = "Environmental Research Letters",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "15",
               number = "11",
                pages = "e114023",
                month = "Nov.",
             keywords = "wildfires, tropical forests, stem mortality, necromass 
                         decomposition, combustion, CO2 uptake, net emissions.",
             abstract = "Wildfires in humid tropical forests have become more common in 
                         recent years, increasing the rates of tree mortality in forests 
                         that have not co-evolved with fire. Estimating carbon emissions 
                         from these wildfires is complex. Current approaches rely on 
                         estimates of committed emissions based on static emission factors 
                         through time and space, yet these emissions cannot be assigned to 
                         specific years, and thus are not comparable with other 
                         temporally-explicit emission sources. Moreover, committed 
                         emissions are gross estimates, whereas the long-term consequences 
                         of wildfires require an understanding of net emissions that 
                         accounts for post-fire uptake of CO2. Here, using a 30 year 
                         wildfire chronosequence from across the Brazilian Amazon, we 
                         calculate net CO2 emissions from Amazon wildfires by developing 
                         statistical models comparing post-fire changes in stem mortality, 
                         necromass decomposition and vegetation growth with unburned forest 
                         plots sampled at the same time. Over the 30 yr time period, gross 
                         emissions from combustion during the fire and subsequent tree 
                         mortality and decomposition were equivalent to 126.1 Mg CO2 ha(-1) 
                         of which 73% (92.4 Mg CO2 ha(-1)) resulted from mortality and 
                         decomposition. These emissions were only partially offset by 
                         forest growth, with an estimated CO2 uptake of 45.0 Mg ha(-1)over 
                         the same time period. Our analysis allowed us to assign emissions 
                         and growth across years, revealing that net annual emissions peak 
                         4 yr after forest fires. At present, Brazil's National Determined 
                         Contribution (NDC) for emissions fails to consider forest fires as 
                         a significant source, even though these are likely to make a 
                         substantial and long-term impact on the net carbon balance of 
                         Amazonia. Considering long-term post-fire necromass decomposition 
                         and vegetation regrowth is crucial for improving global carbon 
                         budget estimates and national greenhouse gases (GHG) inventories 
                         for tropical forest countries.",
                  doi = "10.1088/1748-9326/abb62c",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abb62c",
                 issn = "1748-9326",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "silva_estimating.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}